Sri Lanka Competitive Exams SLAS, SLEAS, SLSS, SLACS, SLPS Links
1. guruwaraya.lk
https://www.guruwaraya.lk/2021/07/open-competitive-exams-slas-sleas-slps.html
2. Gazette.lk
3. slexams.com
https://slexam.com/slas-slacs-slps-sleas-slss-open-exam-gazette-2021/
4. ceylonvacancy.com
Best Literature Notes | UGC NET | GCE O/L | GCE A/L | Exams Notes | Topper's Notes
Best Literature Notes
UGC NET
GCE O/L
GCE A/L
Exams Notes
Topper's Notes
First Class Notes
BA
MA
Bangalore University
Christ University
Exam Papers
Ethnography of Communication | SPEAKING model | Dell Hymes | Short Notes
- Study of Communication within the background of social and cultural practices and beliefs.
- Introduced by Dell Hymes in 1962: "Introduction: Toward Ethnographies of Communication."
- Understanding a language in an anthropological perspective.
TWO MAIN PURPOSES
- To investigate directly the use of language in contexts of situations so as to discern patters proper to speech activity.
- To take as framework a community, exploring its unrestrained habits as a whole.
MODEL
- Language cannot be studies in isolation.
- Has to be studied in the wider context of cultural and social aspects.
- It has a specific context, individual - cultural norms and beliefs.
"SPEAKING" Model
S - Setting and Scene - the physical location.
P - Participants - the people taking part.
E - Ends - purpose and outcome.
A - Act Sequence - the speech acts and the sequence.
K - Key - tone and manner.
I - Instrumentalities - the medium of communication.
N - Norms of interaction - rules of speech.
G - Genres - the type of speech, cultural context.
Language Acquisition | Perspectives | Theories | Short Exam Notes
IMITATION THEORY
- David Crystal
- Children learn language through copying and imitating others.
- This is how children develop regional accents.
INNATENESS THEORY
- Noam Chomsky
- Language Acquisition Device (LAD) - Special brain mechanism that allows us to learn language.
- All languages share a structure - universal grammar
COGNITION THEORY
- Jean Piaget
- A child must understand a word before they use it.
- If they use a word to describe a feeling, such as "anger", they have to first understand what it is like to have that feeling.
INPUT THEORY
- Similar to behaviourism by B.F. Skinner.
- Child directed Speech is the biggest influence to a child's language development.
- Slow. high pitch, grammatical.
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